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His observations are still valued by researchers today. Lewis prepared detailed notes on more than 30 mammals, birds and plants not previously described by science.
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To this end, Lewis and Clark made good use of their time at Fort Clatsop. Thomas Jefferson had instructed Lewis to record “the soil & face of the country,” the animals, and the customs, food and clothing of the American Indian nations. The men stitched more than 300 pair of moccasins made from elk hide. Groups went to the ocean and boiled sea water for salt. Each day hunters searched for meat, killing 131 elk over the course of the winter according to Patrick Gass’s calculations. They traded for dried fish and root vegetables. Over the winter, members of the Expedition fell into a routine of chores that helped pass the time and prepare them for the journey home. ” Perhaps due in part to the steady rain, nearly everyone in the group suffered from cold or flu during their stay at Fort Clatsop. At one point during the wet winter, Lewis noted that “every thing moves on in the old way and we are counting the days.
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“From the 4th of November 1805 to the 25th of March 1806, there were not more than twelve days in which it did not rain, and of these but six were clear,” lamented Patrick Gass in the spring of 1806. On Christmas Day, according to Joseph Whitehouse, “e all moved into our new Garrison or Fort, which our Officers named after a nation of Indians who resided near us, called the Clatsop Nation Fort Clatsop.” In early December, William Clark recorded that Meriwether Lewis had found a suitable location for their winter quarters with “Elk Suffient to winter on.” Once completed, their home, a fortification measuring just fifty feet square, housed 32 men, 1 woman, a baby, and a dog.
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The Corps would build a temporary home on the coast. Although eager to begin the journey home, members of the Corps knew that travel would have to wait until spring - more than one snowy mountain range stood in their path. Having found “the most practicable and navigable passage across the Continent of North America,” the mission was complete. In November 1805, the Corps of Discovery reached the Pacific Ocean. Looking at that mighty Columbia River, I'm even more flabbergasted that the expedition returned on the Colby's against the current which had to be unbelievably exhausting.Replica of Fort Clatsop, built in 1950s, at what is believed to be the site of original. My wife and I recently returned from a trip to Oregon and the fabulous Columbia River Gorge - it is as spectacular as I imagined it to be. They had contact with numerous Indian tribes along the way and managed to negotiate themselves out of a few sticky situations. The thing that amazes me about Lewis and Clarke is that they undertook this mission into the unknown and after a couple of years returned without losing a single member of the Corpss of Discovery to Indians or accidents or violence. New Mexico, Arizona, Utah and other western states usually have a single fairly good sized city (Arizona also has Tucson) and a whole lot of nearly empty space, except for Indian reservations. If you've never been to Utah (or New Mexico or Arizona), it's difficult to appreciate just how empty these states are even today. It was Director John Ford who popularized Monument Valley in Utah and shot a fair number of movies there. One of the worst I fondly remember was called "Westward Ho the Women". We grew up on the same movies and many more, good and bad.